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Indica vs. Sativa vs. Hybrid

What is the difference?

In the world of cannabis, "Indica" and "Sativa" often refer to Indica-dominant and Sativa-dominant hybrid strains. It's important to understand that the effects of cannabis aren't solely based on its Indica or Sativa classification. Instead, they result from a combination of the plant's compound profile, including cannabinoids and terpenes, and individual human responses. Generally, Sativas are associated with uplifting, energetic effects that can enhance creativity and social interaction, while Indicas are known for their calming, relaxing properties, often used for stress relief and sleep. Hybrids offer a blend of both, combining traits from Indica and Sativa strains to provide a balanced experience tailored to various needs and preferences. 

Indica vs. Sativa vs. Hybrid Strains

What is the difference? 

In the world of cannabis, "Indica" and "Sativa" often refer to Indica-dominant and Sativa-dominant hybrid strains. It's important to understand that the effects of cannabis aren't solely based on its Indica or Sativa classification. Instead, they result from a combination of the plant's compound profile, including cannabinoids and terpenes, and individual human responses. Generally, Sativas are associated with uplifting, energetic effects that can enhance creativity and social interaction, while Indicas are known for their calming, relaxing properties, often used for stress relief and sleep. Hybrids offer a blend of both, combining traits from Indica and Sativa strains to provide a balanced experience tailored to various needs and preferences. 

indica vs sativa
indica vs sativa

When you're exploring cannabis options, whether online or in a dispensary, terms like "Sativa," "Indica," and "Hybrid" may have caught your attention. These are common strain classifications. For instance, at Smoking Suppliers, our menu allows you to filter products based on these categories. 

Whether you're new to the world of cannabis or a seasoned user, understanding the distinctions between Indica, Sativa, and Hybrid strains is crucial. Unfortunately, these terms can sometimes be misinterpreted or misapplied within the cannabis community. Our goal is to ensure you have a clear grasp of their meanings, helping you make informed choices from the array of products at your local dispensary. And if you ever feel unsure, our knowledgeable staff is always on hand to guide you in selecting the right strain – be it Sativa, Indica, or Hybrid. 

With no shortage of cannabis varieties to choose from, it’s common to have questions about which strains are right for you.  The good news: with a little strain schooling, a few pro tips from our RISE patient care specialists and some experimentation, you’ll soon be on the path to finding something you love. 

When you visit a local dispensary, you’ll probably notice that cannabis strains are typically grouped into three categories: 

  • Sativa 

  • Indica 

  • Hybrid 

So, you may be wondering: what are the key differences between indica and sativa? What about a hybrid?  And what does this all mean for you? 

You've probably also come across varying viewpoints on the impacts of Indica versus Sativa. In this guide, we'll sift through the facts and common misconceptions about these strains. By exploring the realities of Sativa vs. Indica effects, we aim to help you pinpoint your ideal strain using an easy-to-follow chart. 

What are indica, sativa and hybrid strains?

Let’s start with the basics: what do “sativa,” “indica,” and “hybrid” mean? 

Botanists use these terms to describe different plants from the cannabis family. Since the 18th century, science has distinguished two cannabis species: Cannabis Indica and Cannabis Sativa. 

Due to widespread crossbreeding over the past 40 years, there are no longer any genetically pure sativa or indica strains. Most of the strains on the market are hybrid. 

Today, by “sativa” people often mean sativa-dominant hybrid strains, “indica” mostly refers to indica-dominant strains, and “Hybrids” are strains that have relatively balanced mixtures of both. 

What is indica?

Indica plants are shorter and denser than sativa. They have broader leaves, and their colors go from dark green to purple. 

In the 18th Century, Europeans only knew sativa. When Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published his description of a “new” species from India, which looked slightly different, he simply baptized it as “Cannabis Indica,” which means cannabis from India. 

Indica Effects 

“Indica’s effects are typically associated with relaxation and a “body high.” However, this stereotype does not necessarily apply to all Indica strains. “ 

People who use indica often say the most common effects include: 

Many people feel that indica-dominant strains can be very relaxing and soothing, and many say they prefer to use indica flower before bedtime. These effects can vary not only from strain to strain but also from person to person. It’s possible that the same strain may have a different effect for different people. 

Indica Basics 

  • Origin: India, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkey. It was called indica simply because the first European botanist to classify it received a plant from India. The original plant is believed to come from Afghanistan.  

  • Plant characteristics: Short and bushy, with broad, dark green leaves. 

  • Associated High Type: Body high

What is Sativa?

Sativa Leaf
Sativa Leaf

Sativa plants are lanky and tall, with thin, light green leaves. They originate from regions close to the equator like Central and South Americas and Southeast Asia. Many people tend to consume sativa flower when they want to be alert and clear-headed. 

Sativa Effects 

Sativa strains are often associated with stimulating and mood-improving effects. Sometimes described as energizing and uplifting, sativa-dominant cannabis strains may boost focus and concentration. We can’t vouch for ALL Sativas but here’s a guide on strains that are known to be energizing. 

People who use sativa say the most common effects include: 

Sativa Basics 

  • Origin: South and Central America, Africa, Southeast Asia  

  • Plant characteristics: Tall and slim with thin leaves. 

  • High: Cerebral High

Sativa vs. Indica vs. Hybrid Chart

Indica vs Sativa infographics
Indica vs Sativa infographics

As we mentioned, indica is often associated with calming effects, while sativa is typically considered uplifting.   

Yet, a clear-cut distinction between sativa as an energetic head high and indica as an inducer of sleepiness and relaxation is more stereotypical than realistic. 

Sativa strains with stereotypically “indica-like” effects abound and vice versa. The perceived effects of cannabis on the brain and the body are given by the delicate interplay between cannabis compounds like terpenes and cannabinoids. 

The method of cannabis consumption, setting, an individual’s body and cannabis habits also play an important role. This includes dosage, regularity of usage, personal tolerance, metabolism and many other factors. 

SATIVA OVERVIEW

  • PLANT: Slim, thin, light green leaves, tall, suitable for warm climates

  • FLOWERING TIME: 10 to 12 weeks

  • ASSOCIATED HIGH: Cerebral high.

INDICA OVERVIEW

  • PLANT: Stocky, dense, short, broad, dark green leaves, suitable for colder climates

  • FLOWERING TIME: 6 to 8 weeks

  • ASSOCIATED HIGH: Body high.

Summary of Misleading stereotypes about Indica vs Sativa

  • Sativa is always uplifting 

  • All indica strains are sedative and relaxing 

  • A strains effect is solely determined by it being either indica or sativa 

  • All strains that are called “sativa” are genetically pure sativa cannabis 

  • All strains that are called “indica” are genetically pure Indica cannabis 

  • THC and CBD are the only compounds that are in cannabis 

  • Indica contains only CBD and Sativa THC 

  • Sativa strains make you laugh 

  • Indica will make you sleepy 

What is hybrid cannabis?

Hybrid cannabis is the result of many years of crossing sativa and indica to find the perfect mix of relaxing/uplifting effects. There are thousands of hybrid strains and cultivars, each with its own unique characteristics, often the result of cross breeding several cannabis cultivars and phenotypes.   

Hybrid Effects 

As Hybrids are balanced strains with both sativa and indica in them, their effects can vary. To determine what effect a specific strain can have it is best to look at its “parent” strains.

Sativa vs. Indica vs. Hybrid Edibles

When it comes to cannabis edibles, the distinctions between sativa, indica, and hybrid strains are important, but it's crucial to understand that the traditional labels of "energizing sativa" and "relaxing indica" are overly simplistic. Sativa edibles are often associated with uplifting and energizing effects, which can be great for daytime activities or sparking creativity, but the real impact depends on the specific terpene and cannabinoid profiles. Similarly, indica edibles are typically linked to calming and relaxing effects, making them a popular choice for unwinding or aiding sleep, yet this is not a hard and fast rule. Hybrid edibles offer a balanced mix of both sativa and indica traits, providing a versatile option that can cater to a variety of experiences. 

The effects of edibles are typically more potent and longer-lasting compared to other forms of cannabis consumption because they are metabolized by the liver, converting THC into 11-hydroxy-THC, which can result in a more intense high. Not only this, it also takes longer to kick in, due to the process of digesting edibles. This is why we recommend waiting at least 2-4 hours to feel if the edible has onset. It underscores the importance of considering the entire chemical makeup of the strain, not just the sativa or indica label. [Source] 

Edibles come in a variety of forms, each offering a unique experience. Gummies, chocolates, and cookies are favored for their taste and precise dosing. Beverages can offer a quicker onset of effects, while capsules provide a discreet and consistent option. Each type of edible can be infused with sativa, indica, or hybrid strains, allowing you to select the product that best matches your desired effects. 

Remember, start with a low dose and gradually increase to find what works best for you, as the effects can vary widely from person to person.  

Whether you’re aiming to enhance your focus, relax your mind, or find a balanced experience, understanding the complexity behind each strain can help you make an informed choice.

Beyond Indica and Sativa: Exploring Edibles with Additives 

In the world of cannabis edibles, some brands are pushing the boundaries by infusing their products with more than just THC and CBD. Say hello to Incredibles and 1906, the masterminds behind edibles that deliver more than Indica or Sativa experience. 

Incredibles is all about using science to bring you exactly what you need. They’ve got this down to an art with their Snoozzzeberry product. This tasty treat is packed with CBN, the cannabinoid hailed for its potential to help you drift into dreamland. It’s like a lullaby in edible form, perfect for when counting sheep just won’t cut it. On the flip side, their Strahhhberry Gummies are loaded with CBD, setting the stage for a blissfully chill afternoon that pairs perfectly with a hammock and a good book. 

Then there's 1906, who mixes cannabis with natural supplements to amplify effects in a way that feels almost like magic. Imagine popping an edible that combines cannabis with thiamine, a B-vitamin known for keeping your energy levels and focus in check. This isn't just any buzz—it's the kind of clear-headed energy boost that gets you through an afternoon slump or a creative block. 

Solventless and RSO Edibles: Capturing the Full Spectrum 

For those who prefer their cannabis au naturel, solventless and Rick Simpson Oil (RSO) edibles are the way to go. These options preserve the plant’s full range of cannabinoids and terpenes, offering effects that are as close to the plant's true nature as you can get. 

Solventless edibles are all about keeping it real. They’re made using processes like ice water extraction or dry sifting, which means no chemical solvents messing with your cannabis. What you get is an edible that captures the plant’s natural profiles—think rich flavors and balanced effects. It’s like enjoying the plant in its purest form, with all the subtle complexities intact. 

On the other hand, RSO edibles are the heavy hitters of the cannabis world. Made from Rick Simpson Oil, they pack a punch with a full-spectrum profile. This means you’re getting the complete lineup of cannabinoids and terpenes, offering a depth of experience that’s hard to match. It's like the difference between listening to a song on a tinny speaker versus a top-of-the-line sound system.

Terpenes and Cannabinoids: Understanding Strain Effects

While there's no shortage of stereotypes distinguishing Indica from Sativa effects, relying solely on these classifications can be an oversimplification. The effects of a particular strain on an individual depend on a myriad of factors, from its specific chemical composition to the person's unique body chemistry. While there's no shortage of stereotypes distinguishing Indica from Sativa effects, relying solely on these classifications can be an oversimplification. The effects of a particular strain on an individual depend on a myriad of factors, from its specific chemical composition to the person's unique body chemistry. Thus, while Indica and Sativa labels offer a starting point, they don't paint the full picture.  

To truly anticipate how a strain might influence you, it's beneficial to dive deeper into its unique profile and perhaps even your own personal experiences with similar strains. Remember, cannabis interacts with everyone differently, and its impact is as individual as a fingerprint. 

There are a variety of factors that can influence the effect of a specific strain of cannabis on your body, including (but not limited to) cannabis dosage and concentration of the cannabis, its cannabinoid and terpene profile, their ratio and interaction with each other, your tolerance to cannabis, metabolism, body fat, and even the food and drinks you had that day. (Phew.) 

According to PHYTECS’s MD Ethan Russo, a board-certified neurologist and psychopharmacology researcher, a better understanding of cannabis strain effects comes from understanding each strain’s cannabinoid and terpene profile. 

Terpenes

Cannabis plants owe their potent aroma to terpenes, the aromatic oils responsible for the smell and flavor of plants. Originally developed to fend off predators, the strong smell of cannabis hints at the importance of terpenes in its biology. 

Terpenes are secreted in the same glands as THC and CBD. Research suggests that some terpenes may have a relaxing effect, while others improve focus and concentration.

In 2011, a study found that terpenes offered “complementary pharmacological activities.” In other words, though the main function of terpenes relates to flavor and fragrance, they also play an important role in determining the effects of cannabis.

Scientists have discovered more than 100 different terpenes in cannabis. Myrcene, the most common one, is found in the Granddaddy Purple strain. Other common terpenes are limonene, linalool, caryophyllene, alpha- and beta-pinene, alpha-bisabolol, and eucalyptol.

Terpineol, which produces a flowery, citrusy scent, may be partially responsible for the “couch-lock” effect, when relaxing into your seat feels just right. 

Interestingly, the effects of terpenes vary depending on what other terpenes are present around them. That’s one reason why it takes experimentation to find what particular strains tend to work best for you.

Indica dominant strains vs sativa dominant strains
Indica dominant strains vs sativa dominant strains

Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids play a key role in a strain’s effect on the human body because our endocannabinoid system (ECS) has special receptors for them. Our ECS is involved in regulating sleep, memory, mood and appetite. The most widely known cannabinoids in marijuana are CBD (Cannabidiol) and THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol). Nevertheless, there are over 100 cannabinoids identified by now with a different set of effects and benefits.

There are two types of natural cannabinoids: phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids. CBD and THC are phytocannabinoids that become activated after cannabis plants are dried. THC may help with pain and insomnia, and it is associated with the “cannabis high.” Meanwhile, CBD can help address anxiety.

Some lesser-known cannabinoids are:

  • CBG (cannabigerol)– This is a non-stimulating cannabinoid that is thought to have potential medical uses.

  • THCV (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin)– This compound is becoming the object of more and more research. Some hope that THCv will be able to aid efforts to aid diabetes and obesity

  • Δ8-THC– Potentially attractive for medical use, as it is reported to have the same health benefits of cannabis and induce much less of a high than THC.

How to tell the difference between indica and sativa plants

In the never-ending game of sativa vs. indica, appearances vary as much as effects. Different strains of cannabis can produce plants that behave and look very different. 

The tallest sativa plants, for example, can reach 20 feet, while indicas tend to be short and stocky. They also mature at different rates and prefer different climates. 

Indica vs Sativa infographics
Indica vs Sativa infographics

Sativa Plant Characteristics 

Originally from warm climates, sativas thrive in regions where the summer is long and the winter is mild. They have thin, finger-like, light green leaves. They thrive in the outdoors, where there is sufficient humidity and room to grow. They can typically reach 10 feet. Their height increases by 200-300% during the flowering period. 

Indica Plant Characteristics 

Indica plants are shorter (2-4 feet) with dense clusters of dark leaves and heavy buds. They mature faster and offer higher yields than sativas. They are suitable for indoor cultivation. Because indica plants are denser than sativas, they weigh more after drying. 

How to choose the right strain for you

When you visit your local cannabis dispensary, it’s normal to have questions about the wide variety strains you’ll find. The good news is your patient care specialist can advise you about what different strains can do and the right amount of cannabis to begin experimenting with. 

Don’t hesitate to chat with your budtender or patient care specialist. These folks are the ultimate cannabis connoisseurs and are there to help you make sense of it all. Tell them what you’re looking for – whether you want something to mellow you out after a hectic day, spark creativity for your next project, or simply make you giggle at those silly cat videos on YouTube. They can recommend strains based on flavors you like (earthy, citrusy, sweet?), how much THC or CBD you’re comfortable with, and past experiences you’ve enjoyed. Try starting with popular strains that are known for specific effects. For example: 

  • Feeling stressed? You might enjoy Black Afgan for its relaxing vibes. 

  • Need a creative boost? Check out Jack Herer for its energizing and inspiring properties. 

  • Just want to chill? Afternoon Delight #4 is a fan favorite for a reason—it’s smooth, balanced, and perfect for relaxation. 

Don’t be shy to ask questions. Here are some questions you might consider asking your budtender: 

  • "I'm new to cannabis; where should I start?" This lets your budtender know they should recommend something beginner-friendly. 

  • "What’s a good strain for relaxing?" or "What’s a good strain for focus?" Ask about specific effects you’re interested in. 

  • "How should I approach dosing and microdosing?" Get tips on starting with small amounts, especially if you're new to cannabis or trying a new strain. 

  • "What’s your personal favorite strain and why?" Budtenders often have great insights from their own experiences. 

  • "Are there any strains with flavors similar to [your favorite strain]?" If you have specific tastes, let them know! 

On your next visit to Smoking Suppliers, go ahead and talk to a Patient Care Specialist or a Budtender! 

Remember, cannabis is a journey, not a destination. The beauty of cannabis is in its diversity, so mix and match until you find what clicks with your vibe. The fun is in discovering what suits you best. 

Indica vs. Sativa FAQs

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